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IEA, 1872
Start Practicing
IEAChapter VSection 68
Section68

Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested

AI Assist

Summary

When law requires a document to be attested, it cannot be used as evidence until at least one attesting witness who is alive, within the court's process, and capable of giving evidence is called to prove its execution. A registered document under the Indian Registration Act, except a Will, need not have an attesting witness called unless the execution by the purported signer is specifically denied.

Example

Priya signs a sale deed that the law requires to be attested. When the deed is produced in court to prove title, the court will call at least one attesting witness who is alive and able to prove Priya's signature before admitting the deed. If the deed was registered under the Indian Registration Act (not a Will), the witness need not be called unless someone specifically denies Priya signed it.

Bare Act

Enacted text

If a document is required by law to be attested, it shall not be used as evidence until one attesting witness at least has been called for the purpose of proving its execution, if there be an attesting witness alive, and subject to the process of the Court and capable of giving evidence;

Provided that it shall be necessary to call an attesting witness in proof of the execution of any document, not being a Will, which has been registered in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Registration Act, 1908 (16 of 1908), unless its execution by the person by whom it purports to have been executed is specifically denied.

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V

Chapter V

Of Documentary Evidence

In this chapter

  • 61Proof of contents of documents
  • 62Primary evidence
  • 63Secondary evidence
  • 64Proof of documents by primary evidence
  • 65Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given
  • 65ASpecial provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record
  • 65BAdmissibility of electronic records
  • 66Rules as to notice to produce
  • 67Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced
  • 67AProof as to digital signature
  • 68Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested
  • 69Proof where no attesting witness found
  • 70Admission of execution by party to attested document
  • 71Proof when attesting witness denies the execution
  • 72Proof of document not required by law to be attested
  • 73Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved
  • 73AProof as to verification of digital signature
  • 74Public documents
  • 75Private documents
  • 76Certified copies of public documents
  • 77Proof of documents by production of certified copies
  • 78Proof of other official documents
  • 79Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies
  • 80Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence
  • 81Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, private Acts of Parliament and other documents
  • 81APresumption as to Gazettes in electronic forms
  • 82Presumption as to document admissible in England without proof of seal or signature
  • 83Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government
  • 84Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions
  • 85Presumption as to power-of-attorney
  • 85APresumption as to electronic agreements
  • 87Presumption as to books, maps and charts
  • 88Presumption as to telegraphic messages
  • 88APresumption as to electronic messages
  • 89Presumption as to due execution, etc. of documents not produced
  • 90Presumption as to documents thirty years old
  • 90APresumption as to electronic records five years old
Previous · Section 67AProof as to digital signatureNext · Section 69Proof where no attesting witness found