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BNSS, 2023
Start Practicing
BNSSChapter XXVISection 351
Section351

Power to Examine accused

AI Assist

Summary

Court may question the accused at any stage so they can explain circumstances shown by the evidence, and must generally question them after prosecution witnesses finish and before the accused is called for defence. In a summons case where personal attendance is waived, the court may skip that examination. No oath is required, and the accused cannot be punished for refusing or for giving false answers. Answers can be used as evidence in this or other trials, and the court may take help from counsel or accept a written statement.

Example

Priya is accused of shop theft and prosecution witnesses have finished. The court questions her without oath so she can explain the evidence; she may refuse to answer and will not be punished for doing so. Her answers may be used in this trial or another, and the court accepts a written statement when it has waived her personal attendance.

Bare Act

Enacted text

(1) In every inquiry or trial, for the purpose of enabling the accused personally to explain any circumstances appearing in the evidence against him, the Court-

  • (a) may at any stage, without previously warning the accused put such questions to him as the Court considers necessary;

  • (b) shall, after the witnesses for the prosecution have been examined and before he is called on for his defence, question him generally on the case:

Provided that in a summons case, where the Court has dispensed with the personal attendance of the accused, it may also dispense with his examination under clause (b).

(2) No oath shall be administered to the accused when he is examined under sub-section (1).

(3) The accused shall not render himself liable to punishment by refusing to answer such questions, or by giving false answers to them.

(4) The answers given by the accused may be taken into consideration in such inquiry or trial, and put in evidence for or against him in any other inquiry into, or trial for, any other offence which such answers may tend to show he has committed.

(5) The Court may take help of Prosecutor and Defence Counsel in preparing relevant questions which are to be put to the accused and the Court may permit filing of written statement by the accused as sufficient compliance of this section.

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XXVI

Chapter XXVI

General Provisions as to Inquiries and Trials

In this chapter

  • 337Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence
  • 338Appearance by Public Prosecutors
  • 339Permission to conduct prosecution
  • 340Right of person against whom proceedings are instituted to be defended
  • 341Legal aid to accused at State expense in certain cases
  • 342Procedure when corporation or registered society is an accused
  • 343Tender of pardon to accomplice
  • 344Power to direct tender of pardon
  • 345Trial of person not complying with conditions of pardon
  • 346Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings
  • 347Local inspection
  • 348Power to summon material witness, or examine person present
  • 349Power of Magistrate to order person to give specimen signatures or handwriting, etc
  • 350Expenses of Complainants and witnesses
  • 351Power to Examine accused
  • 352Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments
  • 353Accused person to be competent witness
  • 354No influence to be used to induce disclosure
  • 355Provision for inquiries and trial being held in absence of accused in certain cases
  • 356Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of proclaimed offender
  • 357Procedure where accused does not understand proceedings
  • 358Power to Proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence
  • 359Compounding of offences
  • 360Withdrawal from prosecution
  • 361Procedure in cases which Magistrate cannot dispose of
  • 362Procedure when after commencement of inquiry or trial, Magistrate finds case should be committed
  • 363Trial of persons previously convicted of offences against coinage, stamp-law or property
  • 364Procedure when Magistrate cannot pass sentence sufficiently severe
  • 365Conviction or commitment on evidence partly recorded by one Magistrate and partly by another
  • 366Court to be open
Previous · Section 350Expenses of Complainants and witnessesNext · Section 352Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments