Estoppel
AI Assist
Summary
If a person by words, acts, or omissions intentionally causes or allows another to believe a fact and that other acts on that belief, the first person and their representative cannot later deny the truth of that fact in any suit or proceeding between them. It applies only where the belief was induced and relied upon. The consequence is loss of the right to prove the opposite.
Example
Ravi falsely leads Priya to believe that a plot of land belongs to him, and Priya buys and pays for it relying on that belief. Later the legal title to the land becomes Ravi's, and Ravi tries to set aside the sale saying he had no title at the time of sale. Ravi will not be allowed to prove he lacked title.
Bare Act
Enacted textWhen one person has, by his declaration, act or omission, intentionally caused or permitted another person to believe a thing to be true and to act upon such belief, neither he nor his representative shall be allowed, in any suit or proceeding between himself and such person or his representative, to deny the truth of that thing.
Illustrations
A intentionally and falsely leads B to believe that certain land belongs to A, and thereby induces B to buy and pay for it.
The land afterwards becomes the property of A, and A seeks to set aside the sale on the ground that, at the time of the sale, he had no title. He must not be allowed to prove his want of title.
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