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BSA, 2023
Start Practicing
BSAChapter VIIISection 121
Section121

Estoppel

AI Assist

Summary

When a person, by words, acts or silence, intentionally causes another to believe something and that person relies on it, the first person cannot later deny that fact in any suit or proceeding between them. It applies only where the belief was induced and acted upon. The consequence is a legal bar on contradicting what one led the other to believe.

Example

Priya tells Aditya that a plot of land belongs to her and Aditya, believing her, buys it and pays for it. Later the land becomes Priya's property; she cannot set aside the sale by claiming she lacked title at the time of sale.

Bare Act

Enacted text

When one person has, by his declaration, act or omission, intentionally caused or permitted another person to believe a thing to be true and to act upon such belief, neither he nor his representative shall be allowed, in any suit or proceeding between himself and such person or his representative, to deny the truth of that thing.

Illustration.

A intentionally and falsely leads B to believe that certain land belongs to A, and thereby induces B to buy and pay for it. The land afterwards becomes the property of A, and A seeks to set aside the sale on the ground that, at the time of the sale, he had no title. He must not be allowed to prove his want of title.

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VIII

Chapter VIII

Estoppel

In this chapter

  • 121Estoppel
  • 122Estoppel of tenant and of licensee of person in possession
  • 123Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licensee
Previous · Section 120Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecution for rapeNext · Section 122Estoppel of tenant and of licensee of person in possession