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BSA, 2023
Start Practicing
BSAChapter VISection 98
Section98

Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts

AI Assist

Summary

Where a document’s plain wording does not fit the actual facts, evidence may be led to show the words were used in a peculiar or local sense. Applies when the literal meaning would be impossible or meaningless. The court may then interpret the document in light of those facts so it matches the parties’ real intention.

Example

Ravi sells to Priya by deed the property described as "my house in Kolkata." Ravi owns no house in Kolkata but has a house in Howrah which Priya has occupied since the deed. Evidence of these facts can be led to show the deed referred to the Howrah house, not a non-existent Kolkata property.

Bare Act

Enacted text

When language used in a document is plain in itself, but is unmeaning in reference to existing facts, evidence may be given to show that it was used in a peculiar sense.

Illustration.

A sells to B, by deed, "my house in Kolkata". A had no house in Kolkata, but it appears that he had a house at Howrah, of which B had been in possession since the execution of the deed. These facts may be proved to show that the deed related to the house at Howrah.

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VI

Chapter VI

Of The Exclusion of Oral Evidence by Documentary Evidence

In this chapter

  • 94Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document
  • 95Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement
  • 96Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document
  • 97Exclusion of Evidence against application of document to existing facts
  • 98Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts
  • 99Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons
  • 100Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies
  • 101Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc
  • 102Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of document
  • 103Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act relating to wills
Previous · Section 97Exclusion of Evidence against application of document to existing factsNext · Section 99Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons