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IEA, 1872
Start Practicing
IEAChapter VIISection 102
Section102

On whom burden of proof lies

AI Assist

Summary

Burden of proof lies on the party who would lose if no evidence were given by either side. It applies in suits and proceedings where parties must prove their claims. Consequence: that party must produce the necessary evidence, otherwise they will fail on that issue.

Example

Ravi sues Karan for a plot of land that Karan is in possession of, claiming it was left to Ravi by Karan’s father in a will. If neither side offers any evidence, Karan would retain possession, so the burden of proof is on Ravi to prove the will.

Bare Act

Enacted text

The burden of proof in a suit or proceeding lies on that person who would fail if no evidence at all were given on either side.

Illustrations

  • (a) A sues B for land of which B is in possession, and which, as A asserts, was left to A by the will of C, B’s father.
    If no evidence were given on either side, B would be entitled to retain his possession.
    Therefore the burden of proof is on A.

(b) A sues B for money due on a bond.
The execution of the bond is admitted, but B says that it was obtained by fraud, which A denies.
If no evidence were given on either side, A would succeed, as the bond is not disputed and the fraud is not proved.
Therefore the burden of proof is on B.

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VII

Chapter VII

Of the Burden of Proof

In this chapter

  • 101Burden of proof
  • 102On whom burden of proof lies
  • 103Burden of proof as to particular fact
  • 104Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible
  • 105Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions
  • 106Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge
  • 107Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years
  • 108Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years
  • 109Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agent
  • 110Burden of proof as to ownership
  • 111Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence
  • 111APresumption as to certain offences
  • 112Birth during marriage, conclusive proof of legitimacy
  • 113Proof of cession of territory
  • 113APresumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman
  • 113BPresumption as to dowry death
  • 114Court may presume existence of certain facts
  • 114APresumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecutions for rape. 1
Previous · Section 101Burden of proofNext · Section 103Burden of proof as to particular fact