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IEA, 1872
Start Practicing
IEAChapter IISection 51
Section51

Grounds of opinion, when relevant

AI Assist

Summary

When a living person's opinion is admissible, the facts, tests and reasons on which that opinion is based are also admissible. The court may examine that underlying basis to judge how reliable the opinion is. This commonly applies to expert witnesses who must disclose experiments, measurements or data they used.

Example

Priya hires an engineer to explain why a machine failed. The engineer gives an opinion; under this rule the tests, measurements and experiments the engineer performed to form that opinion are also admissible so the court can assess it.

Bare Act

Enacted text

Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on which such opinion is based are also relevant.

Illustrations

An expert may give an account of experiments performed by him for the purpose of forming his opinion.

Sections 52 to 55 – Character when relevant

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II

Chapter II

Of the Relevancy of Facts

In this chapter

  • 5Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts
  • 6Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction
  • 7Facts which are the occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue
  • 8Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct
  • 9Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts
  • 10Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design
  • 11When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant
  • 12In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant
  • 13Facts relevant when right or custom is in question
  • 14Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body or bodily feeling
  • 15Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional
  • 16Existence of course of business when relevant
  • 17Admission defined
  • 18Admission by party to proceeding or his agent by suitor in representative character
  • 19Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit
  • 20Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit
  • 21Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf
  • 22When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant
  • 22AWhen oral admission as to contents of electronic records are relevant
  • 23Admissions in civil cases, when relevant
  • 24Confession caused by inducement, threat or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding
  • 25Confession to police officer not to be proved
  • 26Confession by accused while in custody of police not to be proved against him
  • 27How much of information received from accused may be proved
  • 28Confession made after removal of impression caused by inducement, threat or promise relevant
  • 29Confession otherwise relevant not to become irrelevant because of promise of secrecy, etc
  • 30Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under trial for same offence
  • 31Admissions not conclusive proof, but may estop
  • 32Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevant
  • 33Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, the truth of facts therein stated
  • 34Entries in books of account including those maintained in an electronic form when relevant
  • 35Relevancy of entry in public record or an electronic record made in performance of duty
  • 36Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans
  • 37Relevancy of statement as to fact to public nature, contained in certain Acts or notifications
  • 38Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law-books
  • 39What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document, electronic record, book or series of letters or papers
  • 40Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial
  • 41Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc., jurisdiction
  • 42Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in section 41
  • 43Judgments, etc., other than those mentioned in sections 40 to 42, when relevant
  • 44Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved
  • 45Opinions of experts
  • 46Facts bearing upon opinions of experts
  • 47Opinion as to handwriting, when relevant
  • 47AOpinion as to digital signature when relevant
  • 48Opinion as to existence of right or custom, when relevant
  • 49Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., when relevant
  • 50Opinion or relationship, when relevant
  • 51Grounds of opinion, when relevant
  • 52In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant
  • 53In criminal cases, previous good character relevant
  • 53AEvidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain cases. 1
  • 54Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply
  • 55Character as affecting damages
Previous · Section 50Opinion or relationship, when relevantNext · Section 52In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant