LawpatraLawpatra.ai

Lawpatra is an AI-powered legal education platform designed to help aspirants crack premier law entrance and judiciary examinations. With adaptive mock tests, precision analytics, and 24/7 personalized AI tutoring, we provide a comprehensive ecosystem for your entire legal career journey.

Test series on the goGoogle Play

Explore

  • Prepare for our exams
  • Bare Acts
  • Blog
  • Download resources

Company

  • About
  • Careers
  • Contact us

Legal

  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Service
  • Account deletion

Product

  • AI Tutor
  • Features
  • How it works

Law Entrances

  • CLAT
  • CLAT PG
  • AILET
  • SLAT
  • MH CET Law

Judiciary

  • MPSC Civil Judge
  • Chhattisgarh Judiciary
  • OPSC Civil Judge
  • Gujarat Judiciary
  • Delhi Judicial Services
  • UP PCS-J
  • Rajasthan Judiciary Service

APO/ADPO

  • Bihar APO
  • Delhi APP
  • Haryana ADA
  • Madhya Pradesh ADPO
  • Rajasthan APO
  • Uttar Pradesh APO
  • Uttarakhand APO

Bare Acts

  • BNS
  • BNSS
  • BSA
  • IPC
  • CrPC
  • IEA
  • HMA
  • IDA
  • MVA

© 2026 Blingwork Technologies Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Offices: Hyderabad & Jodhpur

LawpatraLawpatra
BNS, 2023
Start Practicing
BNSChapter IIISection 39
Section39

When such right extends to causing any harm other than death

AI Assist

Summary

If the attack is not one of the especially serious kinds listed earlier, private defence of the body does not allow deliberately killing the attacker. It does allow the defender to cause injury short of death to repel the assault, subject to the limits and conditions in section 37. Any harm must be necessary and proportionate to the threat.

Example

Ravi is pushed and threatened by a neighbour in a quarrel that is not one of the very serious offences listed elsewhere. He cannot lawfully kill the neighbour in private defence, but he may use force that causes non‑fatal injury, for example disarming or incapacitating the neighbour, so long as his actions meet the limits in section 37.

Bare Act

Enacted text

If the offence be not of any of the descriptions specfied in section 38, the right of private defence of the body does not extend to the voluntary causing of death to the assailant, but does extend, under the restrictions specified in section 37, to the voluntary causing to the assailant of any harm other than death.

Keep going
Newsletter

Join the top 1% of law aspirants

Get weekly high-yield legal updates, landmark judgment breakdowns, and smart prep strategies sent straight to your inbox.

We never share your email.

Previous year papers

Pick your exam. we'll email the most recent paper.

Download previous year papers

For

We'll never share your email. Promise.

III

Chapter III

General Exceptions

In this chapter

  • 14Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law
  • 15Act of Judge when acting judicially
  • 16Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court
  • 17Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself, justified, by law
  • 18Accident in doing a lawful act
  • 19Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm
  • 20Act of a child under seven years of age
  • 21Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding
  • 22Act of a person of unsound mind
  • 23Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will
  • 24Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated
  • 25Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent
  • 26Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit
  • 27Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person with unsound mind, by or by consent of guardian
  • 28Consent known to be given under fear or misconception
  • 29Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused
  • 30Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent
  • 31Communication made in good faith
  • 32Act to which a person compelled by threats
  • 33Act causing slight harm
  • 34Things done in private defence
  • 35Right of private defence of the body and of property
  • 36Right of private defence against the act of a person with unsound mind, etc
  • 37Acts against which there is no right of private defence
  • 38When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death
  • 39When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
  • 40Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body
  • 41When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death
  • 42When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
  • 43Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property
  • 44Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person
Previous · Section 38When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing deathNext · Section 40Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body