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BNS, 2023
Start Practicing
BNSChapter IIISection 43
Section43

Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property

AI Assist

Summary

Private defence of property begins when a reasonable apprehension of danger to the property arises. It continues differently by offence: for theft until the offender retreats with the property, authorities assist, or the property is recovered; for robbery while the offender causes or attempts death, hurt or wrongful restraint or while fear of instant death, hurt or restraint remains. For criminal trespass or mischief it lasts while the offender continues the act; for house-breaking at night it lasts while the house-trespass begun by that breaking continues.

Example

Meera wakes at midnight to find two people breaking her window and entering her house. She may use private defence of property and continue to resist as long as the intruders remain in the house-trespass started by that night house-breaking. Once they leave and the trespass ends, her right to use force ends.

Bare Act

Enacted text

The right of private defence of property,

  • (a) commences when a reasonable apprehension of danger to the property commences;

  • (b) against theft continues till the offender has effected his retreat with the property or either the assistance of the public authorities is obtained, or the property has been recovered;

  • (c) against robbery continues as long as the offender causes or attempts to cause to any person death or hurt or wrongful restraint or as long as the fear of instant death or of instant hurt or of instant personal restraint continues;

  • (d) against criminal trespass or mischief continues as long as the offender continues in the commission of criminal trespass or mischief;

  • (e) against house-breaking after sunset and before sun rise continues as long as the house-trespass which has been begun by such house-breaking continues.

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III

Chapter III

General Exceptions

In this chapter

  • 14Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law
  • 15Act of Judge when acting judicially
  • 16Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court
  • 17Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself, justified, by law
  • 18Accident in doing a lawful act
  • 19Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm
  • 20Act of a child under seven years of age
  • 21Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding
  • 22Act of a person of unsound mind
  • 23Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will
  • 24Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated
  • 25Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent
  • 26Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit
  • 27Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person with unsound mind, by or by consent of guardian
  • 28Consent known to be given under fear or misconception
  • 29Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused
  • 30Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent
  • 31Communication made in good faith
  • 32Act to which a person compelled by threats
  • 33Act causing slight harm
  • 34Things done in private defence
  • 35Right of private defence of the body and of property
  • 36Right of private defence against the act of a person with unsound mind, etc
  • 37Acts against which there is no right of private defence
  • 38When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death
  • 39When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
  • 40Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body
  • 41When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death
  • 42When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
  • 43Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property
  • 44Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person
Previous · Section 42When such right extends to causing any harm other than deathNext · Section 44Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person