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IPC, 1860
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IPCChapter VIIISection 149
Section149

Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object

AI Assist

Summary

When members of an unlawful assembly commit an offence in pursuit of the assembly's common object, or an offence the members knew was likely while pursuing that object, every person who was a member of the assembly at the time is guilty of that offence. Being present as a member at the time is enough; each person need not personally do the criminal act. The rule makes all present members liable for the act of any one of them if it furthers the common object.

Example

Ravi joins a group that gathers to force a tenant out of a building. One member damages the tenant's belongings and injures them. Even though only that member did the damage, all members present including Ravi are guilty of the offence if it was in pursuit of the group's common object.

Bare Act

Enacted text

If an offence is committed by any member of an unlawful assembly in prosecution of the common object of that assembly, or such as the members of that assembly knew to be likely to be committed in prosecution of that object, every person who, at the time of the committing of that offence, is a member of the same assembly, is guilty of that offence.

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VIII

Chapter VIII

Of Offences Against the Public Tranquillity

In this chapter

  • 141Unlawful assembly
  • 142Being member of unlawful assembly
  • 143Punishment
  • 144Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon
  • 145Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to disperse
  • 146Rioting
  • 147Punishment for rioting
  • 148Rioting, armed with deadly weapon
  • 149Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object
  • 150Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly
  • 151Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse
  • 152Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc
  • 153Want only giving provocation with intent to cause riot – if rioting be committed: if not committed
  • 153APromoting enmity between different groups on ground of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony
  • 153BImputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration
  • 154Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is held
  • 155Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed
  • 156Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed
  • 157Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly
  • 158Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot
  • 159Affray
  • 160Punishment for committing affray
Previous · Section 148Rioting, armed with deadly weaponNext · Section 150Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly