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IEA, 1872
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IEAChapter VSection 88A
Section88A

Presumption as to electronic messages

AI Assist

Summary

When an originator forwards an electronic message via an electronic mail server to the addressee it purports to be for, a court may presume the message received corresponds with what was fed into the originator's computer for transmission. The court cannot, however, presume who actually sent the message.

Example

Ravi emails a signed agreement to Meera through his email server. If that message is produced in court, the court may accept that the message Meera received is the same as what Ravi fed into his computer for sending. The court still cannot automatically conclude the message was actually sent by Ravi personally.

Bare Act

Enacted text

The Court may presume that an electronic message, forwarded by the originator through an electronic mail server to the addressee to whom the message purports to be addressed corresponds with the message as fed into his computer for transmission; but the Court shall not make any presumption as to the person by whom such message was sent.

Explanations

For the purposes of this section, the expressions addressee and originator shall have the same meanings respectively assigned to them in clauses (b) and (za) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000.

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V

Chapter V

Of Documentary Evidence

In this chapter

  • 61Proof of contents of documents
  • 62Primary evidence
  • 63Secondary evidence
  • 64Proof of documents by primary evidence
  • 65Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given
  • 65ASpecial provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record
  • 65BAdmissibility of electronic records
  • 66Rules as to notice to produce
  • 67Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced
  • 67AProof as to digital signature
  • 68Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested
  • 69Proof where no attesting witness found
  • 70Admission of execution by party to attested document
  • 71Proof when attesting witness denies the execution
  • 72Proof of document not required by law to be attested
  • 73Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved
  • 73AProof as to verification of digital signature
  • 74Public documents
  • 75Private documents
  • 76Certified copies of public documents
  • 77Proof of documents by production of certified copies
  • 78Proof of other official documents
  • 79Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies
  • 80Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence
  • 81Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, private Acts of Parliament and other documents
  • 81APresumption as to Gazettes in electronic forms
  • 82Presumption as to document admissible in England without proof of seal or signature
  • 83Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government
  • 84Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions
  • 85Presumption as to power-of-attorney
  • 85APresumption as to electronic agreements
  • 87Presumption as to books, maps and charts
  • 88Presumption as to telegraphic messages
  • 88APresumption as to electronic messages
  • 89Presumption as to due execution, etc. of documents not produced
  • 90Presumption as to documents thirty years old
  • 90APresumption as to electronic records five years old
Previous · Section 88Presumption as to telegraphic messagesNext · Section 89Presumption as to due execution, etc. of documents not produced