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IEA, 1872
Start Practicing
IEAChapter XSection 160
Section160

Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 159

AI Assist

Summary

A witness may testify to facts that are stated in a regularly kept document even if he has no specific recollection of the facts, so long as he is sure the facts were correctly recorded. This applies when the witness prepared or maintained the document and can vouch for its accuracy. The consequence is that his testimony can be used to prove those recorded facts despite his lack of personal memory.

Example

Ravi is the book-keeper at a neighbourhood shop and kept a regular sales ledger. He cannot recall a specific sale, but he is sure the ledger was correctly kept. Under this rule Ravi may testify to the sale as recorded, and that entry can be used to prove the transaction.

Bare Act

Enacted text

A witness may also testify to facts mentioned in any such document as is mentioned in section 159, although he has no specific recollection of the facts themselves, if he is sure that the facts were correctly recorded in the document.

Illustrations

A book-keeper may testify to facts recorded by him in books regularly kept in the course of business, if he knows that the books were correctly kept, although he has forgotten the particular transaction entered.

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X

Chapter X

Of the Examination of Witnesses

In this chapter

  • 135Order of production and examination of witnesses
  • 136Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence
  • 137Examination-in-chief
  • 138Order of examinations
  • 139Cross-examination of person called to produce a document
  • 140Witnesses to character
  • 141Leading questions
  • 142When they must not be asked
  • 143When they may be asked
  • 144Evidence as to matters in writing
  • 145Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing
  • 146Questions lawful in cross-examination
  • 147When witness to be compelled to answer
  • 148Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer
  • 149Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds
  • 150Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds
  • 151Indecent and scandalous questions
  • 152Questions intended to insult or annoy
  • 153Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity
  • 154Question by party to his own witness
  • 155Impeaching credit of witness
  • 156Question tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible
  • 157Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact
  • 158What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 32 or 33
  • 159Refreshing memory
  • 160Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 159
  • 161Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory
  • 162Production of documents
  • 163Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice
  • 164Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice
  • 165Judge’s power to put questions or order production
  • 166Power of jury or assessors to put questions
Previous · Section 159Refreshing memoryNext · Section 161Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory