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IEA, 1872
Start Practicing
IEAChapter XSection 164
Section164

Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice

AI Assist

Summary

If a party has been served notice to produce a document and refuses to produce it, they cannot later use that document as evidence unless the other party agrees or the Court orders it. This applies at trials or hearings where a production notice was given. It prevents a party from hiding a document and then surprising the opponent with it.

Example

Priya sues Aditya on a written agreement and serves him notice to produce it. At trial Aditya refuses, so Priya proves its contents by secondary evidence (a copy and witness). Later Aditya tries to bring the original to contradict Priya or to show the agreement is unstamped. He cannot do so without Priya's consent or a Court order.

Bare Act

Enacted text

When a party refuses to produce a document which he has had notice to produce, he cannot afterwards use the document as evidence without the consent of the other party or the order of the Court.

Illustrations

A sues B on an agreement and gives B notice to produce it. At the trial A calls for the document and B refuses to produce it. A gives secondary evidence of its contents. B seeks to produce the document itself to contradict the secondary evidence given by A, or in order to show that the agreement is not stamped. He cannot do so.

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X

Chapter X

Of the Examination of Witnesses

In this chapter

  • 135Order of production and examination of witnesses
  • 136Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence
  • 137Examination-in-chief
  • 138Order of examinations
  • 139Cross-examination of person called to produce a document
  • 140Witnesses to character
  • 141Leading questions
  • 142When they must not be asked
  • 143When they may be asked
  • 144Evidence as to matters in writing
  • 145Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing
  • 146Questions lawful in cross-examination
  • 147When witness to be compelled to answer
  • 148Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer
  • 149Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds
  • 150Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds
  • 151Indecent and scandalous questions
  • 152Questions intended to insult or annoy
  • 153Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity
  • 154Question by party to his own witness
  • 155Impeaching credit of witness
  • 156Question tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible
  • 157Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact
  • 158What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 32 or 33
  • 159Refreshing memory
  • 160Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 159
  • 161Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory
  • 162Production of documents
  • 163Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice
  • 164Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice
  • 165Judge’s power to put questions or order production
  • 166Power of jury or assessors to put questions
Previous · Section 163Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on noticeNext · Section 165Judge’s power to put questions or order production