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IPC, 1860
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IPCChapter XVIIISection 477A
Section477A

Falsification of accounts

AI Assist

Summary

When a clerk, officer, servant or someone acting as such, with intent to defraud, willfully destroys, alters, mutilates or falsifies an employer's books, electronic records, papers, securities or accounts, or makes or abets false entries or omissions, they commit an offence. Punishment may be imprisonment for up to seven years, or fine, or both. A charge need only allege a general intent to defraud without naming a particular victim, sum, or date.

Example

Priya is a clerk at a neighbourhood shop and deliberately alters the daily sales book to hide missing cash. Under this rule she can be prosecuted and faces up to seven years' imprisonment, or a fine, or both.

Bare Act

Enacted text

Whoever, being a clerk, officer or servant, or employed or acting in the capacity of a clerk, officer or servant, willfully, and with intent to defraud, destroys, alters, mutilates or falsifies any book, electronic record, paper, writing, valuable security or account which belongs to or is in the possession of his employer, or has been received by him for or on behalf of his employer, or willfully, and with intent to defraud, makes or abets the making of any false entry in, or omits or alters or abets the omission or alteration of any material particular from or in. any such book, electronic record, paper, writing, valuable security or account, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.

Explanations

(1) It shall be sufficient in any charge under this section to allege a general intent to defraud without naming any particular person intended to be defrauded or specifying any particular sum of money intended to be the subject of the fraud, or any particular day on which the offence was committed.

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XVIII

Chapter XVIII

Of Offences Relating to Documents and to Property Marks

In this chapter

  • 463Forgery
  • 464Making a false document
  • 465Punishment for forgery
  • 466Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc
  • 467Forgery of valuable security, will, etc
  • 468Forgery for purpose of cheating
  • 469Forgery for purpose of harming reputation
  • 470Forged document
  • 471Using as genuine a forged document
  • 472Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 467
  • 473Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise
  • 474Having possession of document described in section 466 or 467, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it genuine
  • 475Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material
  • 476Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material
  • 477Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security
  • 477AFalsification of accounts
  • 478(Repealed) Trade Mark
  • 479Property mark
  • 480(Repealed) Using a false trade mark
  • 481Using a false property mark
  • 482Punishment for using a false property mark
  • 483Counterfeiting a property mark used by another
  • 484Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant
  • 485Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark
  • 486Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark
  • 487Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods
  • 488Punishment for making use of any such false mark
  • 489Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury
  • 489BUsing as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes
  • 489CPossession of forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes
  • 489DMaking or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting currency notes or bank-notes
  • 489EMaking or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes
  • 498ACounterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes
Previous · Section 477Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable securityNext · Section 478(Repealed) Trade Mark