“Court of Justice”
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Summary
A single Judge who is legally empowered to decide cases, or a body of Judges acting together, is a Court of Justice when they perform judicial functions. The label applies only while that Judge or body is actually acting judicially. It determines when a decision-maker is treated as a court for legal purposes.
Example
Priya brings a landlord-tenant dispute before a single Judge who has statutory power to decide such matters; because that Judge is empowered by law and is acting judicially, that Judge is a Court of Justice. If her appeal is later heard by a three-judge bench sitting together, that bench acting as a body will also be a Court of Justice.
Bare Act
Enacted textThe words “Court of Justice” denote a Judge who is empowered by law to act judicially alone, or a body of Judges which is empowered by law to act judicially as a body, when such Judge or body of Judges is acting judicially.
Illustrations
(1) A Panchayat acting under Regulation VII, 1816, of the Madras Code, having power to try and determine suits, is a Court of Justice.
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