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IPC, 1860
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IPCChapter IISection 32
Section32

Words referring to acts include illegal omissions

AI Assist

Summary

Words that describe doing an act in this Code also cover unlawful failures to act, unless the surrounding text clearly shows a different intent. When an offence requires an act, a legally blameworthy omission can count the same way. The consequence is that not doing a required act may attract the same criminal treatment as doing a forbidden act.

Example

Priya saw a broken balcony in her rented building and did nothing to get it fixed. When a visitor fell and got hurt, her failure to act could be treated as the act itself, so she might face criminal responsibility under the Code.

Bare Act

Enacted text

In every part of this Code, except where a contrary intention appears from the context, words which refer to acts done extend also to illegal omissions.

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II

Chapter II

General Explanations

In this chapter

  • 6Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions
  • 7Sense of expression once explained
  • 8Gender
  • 9Number
  • 10“Man” “Woman”
  • 11“Person”
  • 12“Public”
  • 13Definition of “Queen”
  • 14“Servant of Government”
  • 15Definition of “British India”
  • 16Definition of “Government of India”
  • 17“Government”
  • 18“India”
  • 19“Judge”
  • 20“Court of Justice”
  • 21“Public servant”
  • 22“Movable property”
  • 23“Wrongful gain”
  • 24“Dishonestly”
  • 25“Fraudulently”
  • 26“Reason to believe”
  • 27Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant
  • 28“Counterfeit”
  • 29“Document”
  • 29A“Electronic record”
  • 30“Valuable security”
  • 31“A will”
  • 32Words referring to acts include illegal omissions
  • 33“Act”. “Omission”
  • 34Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention -
  • 35When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention
  • 36Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission
  • 37Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence
  • 38Persons concerned in criminal Act may be guilty of different offences
  • 39“Voluntarily”
  • 40“Offence”
  • 41“Special law”
  • 42“Local law”
  • 43“Illegal”, “Legally bound to do”
  • 44“Injury”
  • 45“Life”
  • 46“Death”
  • 47“Animal”
  • 48“Vessel”
  • 49“Year”, “Month”
  • 50“Section”
  • 51“Oath”
  • 52“Good faith”
  • 52A“Harbour”
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