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IPC, 1860
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IPCChapter IISection 38
Section38

Persons concerned in criminal Act may be guilty of different offences

AI Assist

Summary

When several people join in a criminal act, each can be convicted of a different offence depending on their individual intention and role. The same act may make one person guilty of a lesser offence (culpable homicide not amounting to murder) while another is guilty of murder. Liability follows each person’s state of mind and contribution.

Example

Ravi is so gravely provoked that if he kills Rohan his act would be culpable homicide not amounting to murder. Karan, who had ill will and intended to kill, helps Ravi. Karan is guilty of murder, while Ravi is guilty only of culpable homicide.

Bare Act

Enacted text

Where several persons are engaged or concerned in the commission of a criminal act, they may be guilty of different offences by means of that act.

Illustrations

(1) A attacks Z under such circumstances of grave provocation that his killing of Z would be only culpable homicide not amounting to murder. B, having ill-will towards Z and intending to kill him, and not having been subject to the provocation, assists A in killing Z. Here, though A and B are both engaged in causing Z&‘s death, B is guilty of murder, and A is guilty only of culpable homicide.

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II

Chapter II

General Explanations

In this chapter

  • 6Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions
  • 7Sense of expression once explained
  • 8Gender
  • 9Number
  • 10“Man” “Woman”
  • 11“Person”
  • 12“Public”
  • 13Definition of “Queen”
  • 14“Servant of Government”
  • 15Definition of “British India”
  • 16Definition of “Government of India”
  • 17“Government”
  • 18“India”
  • 19“Judge”
  • 20“Court of Justice”
  • 21“Public servant”
  • 22“Movable property”
  • 23“Wrongful gain”
  • 24“Dishonestly”
  • 25“Fraudulently”
  • 26“Reason to believe”
  • 27Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant
  • 28“Counterfeit”
  • 29“Document”
  • 29A“Electronic record”
  • 30“Valuable security”
  • 31“A will”
  • 32Words referring to acts include illegal omissions
  • 33“Act”. “Omission”
  • 34Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention -
  • 35When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention
  • 36Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission
  • 37Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence
  • 38Persons concerned in criminal Act may be guilty of different offences
  • 39“Voluntarily”
  • 40“Offence”
  • 41“Special law”
  • 42“Local law”
  • 43“Illegal”, “Legally bound to do”
  • 44“Injury”
  • 45“Life”
  • 46“Death”
  • 47“Animal”
  • 48“Vessel”
  • 49“Year”, “Month”
  • 50“Section”
  • 51“Oath”
  • 52“Good faith”
  • 52A“Harbour”
Previous · Section 37Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offenceNext · Section 39“Voluntarily”